-4.0-3.5-3.0-2.5-2.0-1.5-1.0-0.50.00.51.01.52.02.53.03.54.00.000.050.100.150.200.250.300.350.40z-scoreProbability density
μ ± 0 σ
0
1
made by Milan Valášek
hosted here
# area below curve in the left tail
lower <- pnorm(0, mean = 0, sd = 1)

# area below curve from -infinity
# to right tail
upper <- pnorm(0, mean = 0, sd = 1)

# proportion in tails (2 * because symmetry)
2 * lower
[1] 1
# proportion in bulk
upper - lower
[1] 0

# critical values for the proportions
qnorm(lower, mean = 0, sd = 1)
[1] 0
qnorm(upper, mean = 0, sd = 1)
[1] 0